Achievement Of Sustainable Development Goals Research Articles

An exploration of drivers for small businesses to implement environmental actions in Victoria, Australia

AbstractThe adoption of environmental practices in small and medium scale businesses is increasing. Given the diverse environmental actions available to firms, it is important to understand the specific drivers for different actions to be taken. Based on managerial survey data from Victoria, Australia, this research uses modeling to determine how ethical conscience of managers drive different types of sustainable environmental actions. The results indicate that ethical conscience of managers drives waste, energy and water related actions, while external factors such as supply chain imperatives and customer demand drive circular business actions. New technology and industry guidelines were major barriers for most types of environmental actions while social barriers were significant for energy and water related actions. This implies that the increased ethical conscience of managers, especially while adopting new technology can increase the adoption of environmental actions in businesses. The results will have implications in crafting the corporate strategy and developing good and services that will aid to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11 and 12), focusing on sustainable cities and communities, and responsible production and consumption.

Sustainable Media and Green Innovation: The Impact of Sustainable Atmosphere and Environmental Regulation on Manufacturing Enterprises

This study proposes a research framework for media attention towards green innovation of manufacturing enterprises based on the theory of stakeholders and legitimacy. We examine the potential effect of media attention on the manufacturing industry and make a multidimensional heterogeneity analysis with a sample of Chinese manufacturing enterprises during 2011–2019. Our results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between various attentions of media and green innovation. We find that the early attention of the media can expand the green innovation ability of manufacturing enterprises. However, the excessive attention of the media later may decrease the green behavior of enterprises. The legitimacy pressure of media attention on enterprises helps enterprises carry out green innovation and reduce false green innovation activities. In addition, the sustainable construction, environmental regulations, and sustainable social atmosphere focused on by the media will have a positive effect on the green innovation of enterprises. We suggest that recognizing the importance and potential power of sustainable media, environmental regulations, and sustainable atmosphere in green technology is a key component of the ecological inclusive path to promote the achievement of sustainable development goals.

The sustainability challenges of fresh food supply chains: an integrative framework

AbstractFresh food supply chains (FFSC) are pivotal in food and agricultural systems, with effective management crucial for addressing hunger and poverty globally and contributing to various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Increasing consumer demand for safer, eco-friendly, and sustainably produced fresh products has highlighted the importance of sustainability in FFSC. This growing focus poses challenges for academics and practitioners dedicated to sustainable development and meeting evolving consumer expectations. FFSC management is notably complex due to unique factors such as varying perishability, seasonal production, and the need for adherence to safety and quality standards, amidst complex and diverse networks. Despite its critical role, a structured approach to navigating FFSC sustainability challenges is lacking. Our research undertakes a thorough two-stage examination of current scholarly work to identify key factors affecting FFSC sustainability. Initially, we reviewed 182 papers on broader FFSC management to gauge the field's research landscape, guiding a focused review. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of 39 papers specifically on FFSC sustainability led to the development of a comprehensive framework, comprising FFSC characteristics, entities, management practices, and enabling factors. This framework aims to enhance understanding and guide efforts by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers towards fostering sustainability in FFSC, thereby supporting the achievement of SDGs.

Accounting for water quality—A framework for agricultural water use

Driven by increasing water demand, scarcity concerns, and climate change impacts, numerous countries prioritize solutions for enhanced water use efficiency. However, these solutions often focus primarily on managing water quantities to improve water productivity in agriculture, urban, and industrial sectors. Effective and sustainable water use, however, requires monitoring and management of both water quantity and quality. Traditionally, water quantity and water quality have been managed separately, often by different government agencies with different missions and limited interaction. Ensuring sufficient water quantity for agriculture and food production often takes precedence over managing water quality. Water accounting, as a tool for allocating and managing water quantity is now widely accepted and numerous examples of successful implementation exist worldwide. However, the concept of incorporating water quality into water accounting has not yet been widely promoted. Measuring both quantity and quality in the same water bodies is a fundamental principle of assessment of impacts on water quality through the determination of loads. The load is the amount of a given substance or pollutant for a given period of time. Using the key steps necessary for the development of a water quality monitoring and assessment programme, a framework has been developed that can be applied to water accounting projects using typical water accounting applications. Two examples of potential applications are used to consider the technical, institutional, and financial requirements. Implementing a framework for incorporating water quality monitoring and assessment into water accounting should contribute substantially to the need for more water quality data at global scale. Such data are required to facilitate achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” through more efficient water resources management and greater awareness of water quality impacts in the agricultural water use sector.

Influence of Corporate Differentiation Strategies on Organizational Performance of Mobile Service Providers: A Comparative Analysis of Safaricom    Plc and Airtel (K) Ltd in Kenya

The study objective was to comparatively determine the influence of corporate differentiation strategies on the organizational performance of Safaricom and Airtel in Kenya. The study applied quantitative approach, used positivism paradigm, and adopted correlational research design. The target population was 235 managerial staff of Safaricom and Airtel and used a census approach. The data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data collection sheets for the period 2013 to 2022. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Tables and figures were used in the presentation of the data. From the correlation analysis, corporate differentiation strategies were established to be positively correlated to performance of mobile service providers in Kenya. The emphasis on differentiation strategies are concluded to help the mobile service providers in tailoring goods and services to specific regions and demographics, enabling mobile service providers to engage with their diverse customer base more effectively. The study recommends that mobile service providers prioritize a comprehensive understanding of the market, adopting location-specific strategies that cater to local demands while maintaining cost efficiency and categorizing customers based on a range of factors, providers can tailor offerings to specific needs, enhancing customer engagement. Adoption of the strategies will enable the mobile service providers to effectively contribute to vision 2030 and achievement of sustainable development goals.

Development of world famine database for 1840-2019 and risk assessment of its occurrence and severity

Abstract Famine still exists in this world, hindering the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2: zero hunger. The history and the mechanisms of famine have been broadly studied; however, few studies have focused on quantitative and long-term analyses of the general characteristics of famine. This study analyzes the factors influencing famine and estimates its risks. We developed a historical famine database and estimated the probability and intensity of famine through regression analysis. Herein, we identified that less food production and underdevelopment are related to famine occurrence, and famine tends to be more intense in less urbanized and dryer areas. By extrapolating the regression with future scenarios, we revealed that famine would be less likely to happen in the future mainly due to GDP growth, although conflict would be the key factor of future famine risk. This study is one of the first steps in the quantitative analysis of long-term famine risk.

A comprehensive analysis and future projection of land use and land cover dynamics in a fast-growing city: A case study of Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis, Ghana

Sekondi-Takoradi is the most urbanized metropolis in the Western region of Ghana. Over the past two decades, it has experienced rapid shifts in both population density and land cover. Unfortunately, these transformations have significantly altered the natural landscape and expanded urban coverage. Previous studies have not established enough evidence on land use and land cover changes in the metropolis. For this reason, this study examined the existence, rate, and spatial distribution of land use and land cover as well as the future changes in land cover in the metropolis. Landsat imagery spanning from 1991, 2009, 2016, to 2023 provided the basis for evaluating the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and cover within the metropolis. The Random Forest Classification algorithm was employed to categorize the images into three distinct classes: water, vegetation, and built-up areas. Analysis revealed a rapid growth in built-up areas by 63.08 km² (32.91 %), accompanied by a decrease in vegetation and water coverage by 60.99 km² (31.82 %) and 2.08 km² (1.09 %) respectively. This highlights the accelerating urbanization trend, emphasizing the critical need for vigilant monitoring and controlled urban expansion to mitigate potential adverse effects. Projections for 2030 indicate further changes with water areas decreasing to 1.21 km² (0.63 %), vegetation diminishing to 95.31 km² (49.73 %), and built-up areas expanding to 95.14 km² (49.64 %). This signifies a significant shift towards built-up areas, altering the metropolis' land cover composition and potentially impeding the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 11. Understanding these changes in land use and land cover holds significant value for policymakers, enabling them to effectively monitor and safeguard natural resources.

Women alone modern contraceptive use decision making and its correlates, evidence from PMA CS 2021 survey

BackgroundWomen alone contraceptive decisions making has become one of the top burring public health agenda. Despite Contraceptive method options are available and accessible, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in Ethiopia is not far beyond 41%. Evidences showed that the freedom of women to choose the contraceptive method they desired to use is one of the potential determinants for the sluggish pace of increase in contraceptive usage. In this era of sustainable development, determining the level of women own contraceptive use decision making and identifying its correlates is very critical for the ministries and relevant partners’ effort in tracking the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2 by providing actionable evidence through informed decision-making with the aim of improving contraceptive uptake; reducing maternal mortality and improve newborn health.MethodsNationally representative cross-sectional data from Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2021 was used in this study. The sample was restricted among2446 married women who have been using or most recently used modern contraceptive method. Cell sample size adequacy was checked using a chi-square test. Frequency was computed to characterize the study participants. Multilevel binary logistics regression was used to identify factors associated with women own contraceptive use decision making. The findings were presented in a form of frequencies, percentage and as an odds ratio using 95% confidence interval. A p-value of 0.05 was used to declare significance.ResultsThis study revealed that higher than one in two women (59.49%; 95% CI: 57.7-61.38%) decide their contraceptive use by themselves. What is more interesting is that 1 in 16 women (6.06%) reported that they did not participated in their contraceptive use decision-making.-. Women aged 20 to 24 years; (AOR: 2.51 (1.04, 4.45)), women who stayed10 and above years in marriage; (AOR: 1.73 (1.08, 2.77)), whose husband and/or partner age is 41 and above years; (AOR: 2.14 (1.06, 4.31)) and those who obtained contraceptive method they desired; (AOR: 2.49 (1.36, 4.57)) had higher odds of deciding their current and/or recent contraceptive use by their own. On the other hand, women mixed feeling if they became pregnant at the time of the survey; (AOR: 0.6 (0.44, 0.91)), women who started using contraceptive at younger age, 19 to 24; (AOR: 0.6 (0.44, 0.81)), those who use long acting and/or permanent method; (AOR: 0.54 (0.41, 0.71)) and those married at younger age, 10 to 19 years; (AOR: 0.28 (0.09, 0.86)) had lower odds of independently deciding their current and/or most recent contraceptive use.Conclusion59% of women independently decide their contraceptive use which calls up on further improvement to enable each woman to decide by their own, with directing special focus for the 6.06% of women who reported no say in their contraceptive use decision. Activities targeting on enabling women to use the method they preferred, spacing their pregnancy, encouraging women to discuss with their husband on the time and type of contraceptive method they used, advocating and promoting marriage at least to be at the minimum age as indicate by the law and maintain the marriage duration as much as longer are hoped to improve women alone contraceptive use decision making to the fullest.

The interconnectivity of ESG research within the realm of sustainability: A bibliometric analysis

Motivation: The relationship between ESG factors and sustainability is a widely debated topic in the literature, but to our knowledge, there is a gap concerning the investigation of links between groups formed with ESG and other sustainability concepts, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR), green economy, circular economy, digitalization, technology, industry 4.0, and industry 5.0. Idea: The objective of this study is to identify the interest of researchers, their visibility, as well as the trends among publications, regarding the ESG factors in relation to other concepts within the realm of sustainability, like CSR, green economy, circular economy, digitalization, technology, industry 4.0, and industry 5.0. Data: The selected sample for the research includes 1430 papers screened from the Web of Science database. Tools: The aim of this study is achieved by conducting a bibliometric analysis, using VOSviewer and PowerBI. Findings: The findings of this study include the interconnectivity of selected concepts, the co-occurrence of authors’ keywords, the number of publications over time, as well as the paper types, the publishing activity by journal, the most productive authors, the co-authorship, their affiliation, the papers’ length, references, and citations trend, the most cited papers, the publishing activity by country and the collaboration patterns between countries. Contribution: This analysis supports the identification of potential gaps in current ESG-related research and points toward new areas of investigation. It also contributes to the advancement of ESG research and to the achievement of sustainable development goals.

An Object-Based Approach to Extract Aquaculture Ponds with 10-Meter Resolution Sentinel-2 Images: A Case Study of Wenchang City in Hainan Province

Coastal aquaculture has made an important contribution to global food security and the economic development of coastal zones in recent decades. However, it has also damaged these coastal zones’ ecosystems. Moreover, coastal aquaculture is poised to play a key role in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Consequently, extracting aquaculture has become crucial and valuable. However, due to the limitations of remote sensing image spatial resolution and traditional extraction methods, most research studies focus on aquaculture areas containing dikes rather than individually separable aquaculture ponds (ISAPs). This is not an accurate estimation of these aquaculture areas’ true size. In our study, we propose a rapid and effective object-based method of extracting ISAPs. We chose multi-scale segmentation to generate semantically meaningful image objects for various types of land cover, and then built a decision tree classifier according to the unique features of ISAPs. The results show that our method can remove small rivers and other easily confused features, which has thus far been difficult to accomplish with conventional methods. We obtained an overall precision value of 85.61% with a recall of 84.04%; compared to the support vector machine’s (SVM) overall precision value of 78.85% and recall rate of 61.21%, our method demonstrates greater accuracy and efficiency. We used this method to test the transferability of the algorithm to nearby areas, and the obtained accuracy exceeded 80%. The method proposed in this study could provide a readily available solution for the simple and efficient extracting of ISAPs and shows high spatiotemporal transferability.

A transferable approach to assessing green infrastructure types (GITs) and their effects on surface urban heat islands with multi-source geospatial data

Urban green infrastructure (GI) is essential for mitigating surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) and strengthening urban resilience to climate change, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals in urban areas. A ‘green infrastructure types’ (GITs) scheme was recently developed to examine the role of amount, composition, and configuration of GI in providing effective thermal cooling in Australia. However, the GIT scheme has not been applied to an urban environment in other countries, so its general suitability for SUHI assessment needs to be further investigated. Taking the urban core area of Beijing as a case study, a multi-level classification method was developed in this study for GIT mapping using bi-seasonal high-resolution Gaofen-1 satellite imagery, time-series Sentinel-2 A/B and SDGSAT-1 satellite data, and open vector datasets. The time series of 30 m land surface temperature (LST) data was created by blending high temporal resolution MODIS and Landsat data. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors that may influence the cooling effect of GI. The results demonstrate significant LST differences among the GITs in summer. The aquatic GITs with a water fraction >50% (5.6–7.6 °C) and pervious GITs with a high tree fraction (5.4–5.6 °C) provided the largest cooling effect. The cooling capacity of mixed and pervious GITs was found closely related to the proportion of pervious surface and woody vegetation. Increasing the area of irrigated grass from low (28%) to medium (61%) in mixed surfaces produced only a marginal effect on surrounding LSTs. The GIT mapping approach combined with SUHI analysis provides a transferable and promising framework for examining the cooling effect of GI at the neighborhood level in a consistent manner.

Fast-tracking action on the Sustainable Development Goals by enhancing national institutional arrangements.

Six years remain to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite some progress, institutional effectiveness for SDG achievement has not been delivered at a national level. Identification and establishment of an institutional framework to operationalise the 2030 Agenda within national plans, giving science-based coordination of SDG implementation a central role, is urgently required to accelerate progress. This paper tackles this challenge. Drawing on literature analysis, it asks: 1) What are the deficiencies in institutional national arrangements that hinder SDG implementation? 2) How can existing institutional deficiencies in SDG implementation be addressed? and 3) How can institutional changes support fast-tracking of SDG implementation processes at national level? Findings show that country-specific horizontal institutional arrangements are usually advanced. However, national visions to improve mainstreaming across decision-making at different levels to enable whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches to SDG implementation are commonly under-developed. Deficiencies are due to poor systematic engagement of scientific and technical expertise in operational day-to-day communication, as well as in the design, validation, implementation, monitoring and reporting of domestic SDG-related multi-stakeholder actions. Vertical institutional arrangements are complex, and risk resource-consuming, uncoordinated implementation. Our analyses suggest countries may benefit from establishing a national, centralised independent scientific and technical coordinating body for SDG implementation at national level, within existing science-based institutional arrangements. Such a body would not be led by governmental processes but would provide technical support to government agencies. We argue that scientific and technical skills in data and information management and quality control are central to coordinated and evidence-informed support, and could help to accelerate national SDG implementation. Such a supporting body would also enable a more joined-up approach between stakeholders working in the areas of science and technology, government and practice, improving orchestrated science-based actions and their auditing across sectors and stakeholder communities at national and sub-national levels. It would further guide actions to reduce trade-offs within national sustainable development aspirations, and would facilitate consideration of diverse values in advancing towards a durable and just transformative future. Such efforts are vital given the rapidly closing window of time for SDG achievement.

Updating Curricula of Iraqi Higher Education Institutions & SDGs Achievement

Education, being an essential requirement to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),  curricula life. Accordingly, most Higher Education Institutions have paid much attention to modernize curricula due to their positive impact on the progress of societies, in addition to identifying and internalizing the role of employees in the accomplishment of SDGs. They should be aware that their environment is the shelter that they are assumed to protect and preserve. Therefore, the goals related to people’s environment have been widely explored in the updated curricula as they work on meeting the learners’ needs, their concerns, and developing meanwhile their skills of different directions. Nonetheless, the curricula of some Iraqi Higher Education Institutions still do not include materials that are consistent  with the learners’ tendencies and their abilities as well as the essential requirements of society. Hence, these curricula have failed to achieve the main strategies of learning because they have been concentrating on specific topics that only assist students to shift from one study stage to another. The process of updating the curricula of Iraqi Higher Education Institutions, as per the researcher’s viewpoint, is considered as part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, when applied, whether now or in the future, they shall change the role of academics as well as students, creating meanwhile some type of link between educational, productive and service institutions, and thus connecting education with life and acquisition of labor skills, being essential factors that lead to promoting the concept of curriculum. The researcher has adopted a descriptive approach focusing in his survey on a sample of 68, he has come up with the following conclusions: Most updated items of the curricula assist in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Higher Education Institutions participate in supporting and encouraging transfer of appropriate advanced technologies so as to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Besides, we have come up with the following recommendations: It is quite necessary to update the curricula according to their objectives and outcomes for the purpose of achieving SDGs in face of current and future challenges. Establishing an infrastructure for financing and implementing curricula that could enable students to contribute in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. integrating the SDGs with the environmental, social, cultural and scientific objectives.

A review of the digitalization of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) toward sustainability

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are of paramount importance in the global economy.  The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted numerous economies, resulting in substantial transformations across various aspects and elements of SMEs. The acceleration of digital transformation has been observed as a notable response to the ongoing pandemic. The utilization of digital transformation as a means of fostering innovation has the potential to facilitate sustainability, enhance competitiveness, and enable customization in both products and services. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the extent to which SMEs have embraced digital technology in order to support and promote sustainability objectives. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to present an in-depth review of the digitization of SMEs in relation to sustainability, employing the systematic literature review approach. The analysis conducted encompassed three primary domains: the technological facets of digitalization, sustainability in accordance with the triple bottom line (comprising economic, environmental, and social factors), and the business attributes specific to SMEs. This review analysis elucidated the specific technological advancements that facilitate SMEs in their pursuit of sustainable development. In addition, this study synthesizes material that discusses the sustainability aspects of the triple bottom line and the specific areas of Industry 4.0 technology that have been utilized. Furthermore, the literature identifies other aspects including corporate strategy and management, organizational structure, organizational culture, skills and qualifications, and leadership considerations. Additionally, it synthesized potential avenues for future research that have emerged from the study. This study makes a significant contribution to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) and offers vital insights for policymakers and SMEs seeking to transition their production practices towards sustainability and digitalization.

From Talk to Action: How Small Steps Can Make a Big Impact in Marketing Education for Climate Action

This study analyzes the effectiveness of two low-cost and easy-to-implement activities (a brief talk and a case discussion) in engendering interest and awareness toward climate action in a typical Principles of Marketing course. Our findings indicate that, consistent with existing research, women are more likely to be concerned about climate change and more willing to contribute to its mitigation. We found that the talk alone had limited effects, only increasing the likelihood of students reporting the importance of climate change education in their business degree and marketing classes. However, the combined approach of talk and case discussion had a more far-reaching impact, as students reported, for example, a higher willingness to donate, volunteer, and change behavior. These results suggest that even a limited and easily applied intervention can have positive effects on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13.

Enhancement of energy and cost efficiency in wastewater treatment plants using hybrid bio-inspired machine learning control techniques

Global population growth drives demand for clean water, energy, and wastewater production in urban areas. Most existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are energy- and cost-intensive. To achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, many regions have implemented strict policies for energy consumption and contaminated water discharge, promoting environmental sustainability. This paper attempts to enhance the achievement of SDGs in the wastewater treatment industry by proposing a novel method for hierarchical control of wastewater treatment plants to ensure energy and cost efficiency with less knowledge of the process model, fewer measurements, and fewer control loops. This controller is the combination of a machine learning control technique with a bio-inspired computational algorithm. To evaluate and validate the performance of the proposed controller on the WWTP, the benchmark simulation model no. 1 (BSM1) has been used. The most significant contributions of this paper show that 488.96 KWh/d, 3620.08 Kg/d, and 3454.55 KWh/d of aeration energy cost index, sludge production cost index, and operational cost index are respectively saved when compared to the default control strategy (DCS). Also, 893.69 Kg pollution units per day of effluent fine-related costs have been successfully recovered when compared to the DCS. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed control yields significant amelioration of the energy and cost profile of the WWTP with no effluent violation in dry, rain, and storm weather conditions.

Nonparametric analysis of the relationship between income inequality and energy consumption in African countries

AbstractEnergy usage and disparities in income have emerged as the major threats that hinder the achievement of sustainable development goals in Africa. This study aims to assess the time‐varying impact of income inequality on both renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, utilizing both parametric and nonparametric models across a panel of 18 African countries from 1990 to 2015. We find that, according to the parametric model, income inequality does not affect energy consumption. However, the nonparametric estimates point the presence of both positive and negative relationship between the two variables at different time period. The time varying impacts reveal that unfair income distribution affects renewable energy consumption via the dominance of some channels at specific times. Accordingly, the findings of this study emphasize that policymakers in African countries need to give particular heed to the role played by the income inequality in designing cleaner and greener energy transition policies.

New strategies in wastewater treatment plants to evaluate the achievement of sustainable development goals: a case study

ABSTRACT Water treatment plant managers have to control quality and quantity indicators to regenerate water to be used in irrigation or other municipal services. The need to improve the performance indicators as well as the achievement of sustainability in the facilities implies the need for the development of decision-making procedures. This research proposes a new strategy based on the regulation of water systems to address not only the improvement of performance indicators and therefore of economic and sustainable fulfilment. As novel, the research suggests a new methodology for the application of these pointers to targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs). It showed improvements that reduced energy consumption by 22% and an evaluation of the targets of the SDGs that reached 57% globally, establishing the way the SDGs alignment in the WWTPs. The research demonstrated the evaluation of SDGs is possible and effective to be evaluated.

Financial and Economic Behavior of Consumers and its Impact on the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in Russia

Financial and Economic Behavior of Consumers and its Impact on the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in Russia

Author Correction: Achievement of sustainable development goals through the Mediterranean diet.

Correction to: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (6 Suppl): 89-99-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34693 After publication and following some post-publication concerns, the authors have applied the following corrections to the galley proof. - The conflict of interest section has been amended as follows: M.C. Medori and D. Malacarne are employees at MAGI'S LAB. K. Donato is employee at MAGI EUREGIO and MAGISNAT. M. Bertelli is president of MAGI EUREGIO, MAGISNAT, and MAGI's LAB. E. Borghetti is president at AERSAFE srl. C. Zuccato is researcher at AERSAFE srl. E. Borghetti is patent inventor (IT202100021344A1, IT202100020330A1, WO2021260537A1, WO2022259165A1). M. Bertelli is patent inventor (US20220362260A1, US20230173003A1, WO2022079498A1). D. Malacarne is patent inventor (WO2022079498A1; US20230173003A1). S. Michelini is patent inventor (US20220362260A1). M. Bertelli, S. Michelini, and K. Donato are patent applicants (Application Number: 18/516,241). M. Bertelli and K. Donato are patent applicants (Application Number: 18/466.879). M. Bertelli, K. Donato, and S. Michelini are patent applicants (Application Number: 63/495,155). The remaining authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/34693.